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Christian fundamentalism began in the late 19th- and early 20th-century among British and American Protestants〔(Fundamentalism ) at ''merriam-webster''.com. Accessed 2011-07-28.〕〔Marsden (1980), pp. 55-62, 118-23.〕 as a reaction to theological liberalism and cultural modernism. Fundamentalists argued that 19th century modernist theologians had misinterpreted or rejected certain doctrines, especially biblical inerrancy, that they viewed as the fundamentals of Christian faith.〔Sandeen (1970), p. 6〕 A few scholars regard Catholics who reject modern theology in favor of more traditional doctrines as fundamentalists. Scholars debate how much the terms "evangelical" and "fundamentalist" are synonymous.〔 summarizes the debate.〕 Interpretations of Christian fundamentalism have changed over time.〔 Fundamentalism is a movement manifested in various denominations with various theologies, rather than a single denomination or systematic theology. It became active in the 1910s after the release of ''The Fundamentals'', a twelve-volume set of essays, apologetic and polemic, written by conservative Protestant theologians to defend what they saw as Protestant orthodoxy. The movement became more organized in the 1920s within U.S. Protestant churches, especially Baptist and Presbyterian. Many such churches adopted a "fighting style" and combined Princeton theology with Dispensationalism.〔 Since 1930, many fundamentalist churches in North America and around the world have been represented by the Independent Fundamental Churches of America (renamed IFCA International in 1996), which holds to biblical inerrancy, the virgin birth of Jesus, substitutionary atonement, the literal resurrection of Christ, and the Second Coming of Christ, among other doctrines. ==Terminology== The term ''fundamentalism'' was coined by Baptist editor Curtis Lee Laws in 1920 to designate Christians who were ready "to do battle royal for the fundamentals". The term was quickly adopted by all sides. Laws borrowed it from the title of a series of essays published between 1910 and 1915 called ''The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth''. The term "fundamentalism" entered the English language in 1922, and is often capitalized when referring to the religious movement.〔 The term ''fundamentalist'' is controversial in the 21st century, as it can carry the connotation of religious extremism, even though it was coined by movement leaders. Some who hold these beliefs reject the label of "fundamentalism", seeing it as too pejorative, while to others it has become a banner of pride. Such Christians prefer to use the term ''fundamental'', as opposed to ''fundamentalist'' (e.g., Independent Fundamental Baptist and Independent Fundamental Churches of America). The term is sometimes confused with ''Christian legalism''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christian fundamentalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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